BRICS nations reaffirm support for rules-based, open, transparent, and fair multilateral trading system
The BRICS nations have reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening multilateralism and ensuring just global development and security in the Kazan Declaration, adopted during the 16th BRICS Summit held from October 22-24, 2024. Meeting in Kazan, Russian Federation, under the theme "Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security," the BRICS leaders emphasized the importance of cooperation among emerging markets and developing countries (EMDCs) to foster inclusive and sustainable global growth.

The summit was attended by leaders from Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — as well as new members from Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.

The Kazan Declaration reiterated the collective will of BRICS to bolster multilateralism, promote peace, and create a fairer international order. "We reaffirm our commitment to multilateralism and uphold the international law, including the UN Charter as its cornerstone," the declaration stated. The leaders emphasized that sovereign states must cooperate to maintain international peace, security, and sustainable development.

Global Conflicts and Peaceful Resolutions
One of the key concerns highlighted in the declaration was the rising number of violent conflicts across the globe, which have significant regional and international implications. Without directly addressing the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, the leaders called for the peaceful resolution of disputes through diplomacy, dialogue, and mediation. "We stress the need to engage in conflict prevention efforts, including addressing their root causes," the document noted, emphasizing the importance of inclusive dialogue to achieve long-term stability.

The Kazan Declaration also expressed "grave concern" over the escalating violence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly in Gaza, and Southern Lebanon. The BRICS leaders called for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, the unconditional release of hostages, and the unhindered supply of humanitarian aid to the region.

Criticism of Unilateral Measures and Sanctions
A major focus of the Kazan Declaration was the condemnation of unlawful unilateral coercive measures, including economic sanctions. These measures, often imposed outside the framework of the United Nations, were described as disruptive to the global economy and international trade. "Such measures undermine the UN Charter, the multilateral trading system, and hinder the achievement of sustainable development goals," the declaration asserted.

The BRICS leaders emphasized the need for a fair and inclusive global economic system and called for reforms in the Bretton Woods institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. They advocated for increased representation of emerging markets and developing countries in global decision-making processes.

Commitment to Multilateral Economic Systems
The BRICS nations reaffirmed their support for a rules-based, open, transparent, and fair multilateral trading system centered around the World Trade Organization (WTO). They also rejected unilateral trade restrictions that do not comply with WTO rules, signaling their intent to enhance dialogue and collaboration on reforming the international financial system.

In line with this vision, the Kazan Declaration commended the outcomes of the WTO’s 13th Ministerial Conference held in Abu Dhabi and reiterated BRICS' commitment to reforming the WTO to make it more resilient and inclusive. "We agree to enhance our dialogue on multilateral trading systems and welcome the establishment of the BRICS Informal Consultative Framework on WTO issues," the leaders noted.

BRICS’ Role in Global Financial Security
The declaration also highlighted the importance of maintaining a strong and effective global financial safety net, with a quota-based and adequately resourced IMF at its core. The BRICS leaders called for IMF reforms to enhance the representation of developing countries and ensure a merit-based, inclusive selection process for its leadership positions.

In addition, the BRICS nations acknowledged the role of the New Development Bank (NDB) in promoting infrastructure development and sustainable growth in member countries. The leaders committed to expanding the NDB’s local currency financing and supporting innovative financing mechanisms to drive development in emerging markets.

Tackling Global Terrorism
The BRICS nations reaffirmed their unequivocal condemnation of terrorism in all its forms, describing it as a common threat requiring a balanced and comprehensive approach. They stressed the need for decisive measures to prevent the cross-border movement of terrorists, terrorist financing, and other forms of support. "We recognize that any acts of terrorism are criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of their motivations," the leaders declared, calling for a strong collective response to persistent and emerging terrorist threats.

The BRICS leaders concluded the Kazan Declaration by reiterating their commitment to promoting global stability, inclusive development, and reforming multilateral institutions to better reflect the realities of the 21st century. The declaration laid out an ambitious vision for a multipolar world order, where emerging and developing economies play a more significant role in shaping global governance and economic policies.

The summit concluded with a reaffirmation of the grouping’s strategic importance in addressing global challenges and strengthening cooperation among the Global South. The next BRICS Summit will be held in Brazil in 2025, with an agenda focused on deepening economic, political, and cultural cooperation among member states.