The airdrop test followed by two uncrewed flights are precursors to the goal of launching a crewed spaceflight by the end of 2025
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up for another major step in its space exploration endeavours with the scheduled second test flight of the Gaganyaan mission on April 24, 2024. This announcement came from ISRO Chairman S Somanath during an event organized by the Astronautical Society of India in Ahmedabad.
 
Following the successful missions of Chandrayaan-3 and Aditya-L1, ISRO is further pushing the boundaries of its space capabilities. The upcoming uncrewed test flight is part of the Gaganyaan project, which is India’s highly ambitious plan to undertake its first-ever human spaceflight by the end of next year.
 
The April 24 event will primarily focus on an airdrop test, which is critical for validating the performance of the newly developed Test Vehicle and the Crew Escape System. The success of this test is vital, as it follows the successful In-flight Abort Demonstration last October. The preliminary test assessed the effective functioning of the Crew Escape System at Mach number 1.2, and its ability to achieve crew module separation and recovery under high-altitude conditions.
 
This forthcoming mission will also set the stage for two additional uncrewed missions planned for next year. These missions are essential precursors to the goal of launching a crewed spaceflight by the end of 2025.
 
Advances in Space Technology

 ISRO Chairman Somanath also provided updates on the notable progress of the Aditya-L1 mission, ISRO’s first solar observatory spacecraft.
 
Successfully inserted into a Halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) in January 2024, Aditya-L1 is positioned approximately 1.5 million kilometres from Earth. This strategic location allows for an unobstructed view of the sun, facilitating a detailed study of its outer atmosphere. The mission is anticipated to last five years, providing valuable data while minimizing fuel consumption through its stable orbital dynamics.
 
In addition, ISRO has recently achieved a significant breakthrough in rocket technology with the development of a lightweight Carbon-Carbon (C-C) nozzle. Announced just a few days ago, this new nozzle is designed to enhance the performance of rocket engines. It increases the thrust levels, specific impulse, and thrust-to-weight ratios, which in turn boosts the payload capacity of ISRO's launch vehicles, including the renowned Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).
 
Continuing the Chandrayaan Series

The Chandrayaan mission series remains a central element of ISRO’s long-term objectives, with Chairman Somanath affirming the agency's commitment to continue these lunar explorations until an Indian astronaut successfully lands on the moon. Each mission in this series is instrumental in developing and refining the technologies needed for lunar expeditions, particularly those that involve returning from the lunar surface.
 
As ISRO prepares for the significant test on April 24, its trajectory of ambitious space projects is set to enhance India’s position in the global arena of space exploration. These initiatives not only aim to break new ground in terms of technological achievements but also pave the way for future human spaceflight, including potential missions to the moon, Mars, and beyond. With a blend of cutting-edge technology and strategic foresight, ISRO is firmly on course to achieve its vision of becoming a leading force in the next era of space exploration.